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1 gauge
(also, especially American) gage [geɪdʒ]1. verb1) to measure (something) very accurately:يَقيسThey gauged the hours of sunshine.
2) to estimate, judge:يُقَدِّرCan you gauge her willingness to help?
2. noun1) an instrument for measuring amount, size, speed etc:مِقْياسa petrol gauge.
2) a standard size (of wire, bullets etc):مِعْيارgauge wire.
3) the distance between the rails of a railway line.عَرْض، مَسافَه، إتِّساع -
2 нормальная железнодорожная колея
1) Construction: standard gauge track, standard railway gauge2) Mining: full gauge, standard railway gauge (=8 футов 8 1/2 дюймов = 1,45 м, США)3) Makarov: standard railway gauge lineУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > нормальная железнодорожная колея
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3 Brunel, Isambard Kingdom
SUBJECT AREA: Civil engineering, Land transport, Mechanical, pneumatic and hydraulic engineering, Ports and shipping, Public utilities, Railways and locomotives[br]b. 9 April 1806 Portsea, Hampshire, Englandd. 15 September 1859 18 Duke Street, St James's, London, England[br]English civil and mechanical engineer.[br]The son of Marc Isambard Brunel and Sophia Kingdom, he was educated at a private boarding-school in Hove. At the age of 14 he went to the College of Caen and then to the Lycée Henri-Quatre in Paris, after which he was apprenticed to Louis Breguet. In 1822 he returned from France and started working in his father's office, while spending much of his time at the works of Maudslay, Sons \& Field.From 1825 to 1828 he worked under his father on the construction of the latter's Thames Tunnel, occupying the position of Engineer-in-Charge, exhibiting great courage and presence of mind in the emergencies which occurred not infrequently. These culminated in January 1828 in the flooding of the tunnel and work was suspended for seven years. For the next five years the young engineer made abortive attempts to find a suitable outlet for his talents, but to little avail. Eventually, in 1831, his design for a suspension bridge over the River Avon at Clifton Gorge was accepted and he was appointed Engineer. (The bridge was eventually finished five years after Brunel's death, as a memorial to him, the delay being due to inadequate financing.) He next planned and supervised improvements to the Bristol docks. In March 1833 he was appointed Engineer of the Bristol Railway, later called the Great Western Railway. He immediately started to survey the route between London and Bristol that was completed by late August that year. On 5 July 1836 he married Mary Horsley and settled into 18 Duke Street, Westminster, London, where he also had his office. Work on the Bristol Railway started in 1836. The foundation stone of the Clifton Suspension Bridge was laid the same year. Whereas George Stephenson had based his standard railway gauge as 4 ft 8½ in (1.44 m), that or a similar gauge being usual for colliery wagonways in the Newcastle area, Brunel adopted the broader gauge of 7 ft (2.13 m). The first stretch of the line, from Paddington to Maidenhead, was opened to traffic on 4 June 1838, and the whole line from London to Bristol was opened in June 1841. The continuation of the line through to Exeter was completed and opened on 1 May 1844. The normal time for the 194-mile (312 km) run from Paddington to Exeter was 5 hours, at an average speed of 38.8 mph (62.4 km/h) including stops. The Great Western line included the Box Tunnel, the longest tunnel to that date at nearly two miles (3.2 km).Brunel was the engineer of most of the railways in the West Country, in South Wales and much of Southern Ireland. As railway networks developed, the frequent break of gauge became more of a problem and on 9 July 1845 a Royal Commission was appointed to look into it. In spite of comparative tests, run between Paddington-Didcot and Darlington-York, which showed in favour of Brunel's arrangement, the enquiry ruled in favour of the narrow gauge, 274 miles (441 km) of the former having been built against 1,901 miles (3,059 km) of the latter to that date. The Gauge Act of 1846 forbade the building of any further railways in Britain to any gauge other than 4 ft 8 1/2 in (1.44 m).The existence of long and severe gradients on the South Devon Railway led to Brunel's adoption of the atmospheric railway developed by Samuel Clegg and later by the Samuda brothers. In this a pipe of 9 in. (23 cm) or more in diameter was laid between the rails, along the top of which ran a continuous hinged flap of leather backed with iron. At intervals of about 3 miles (4.8 km) were pumping stations to exhaust the pipe. Much trouble was experienced with the flap valve and its lubrication—freezing of the leather in winter, the lubricant being sucked into the pipe or eaten by rats at other times—and the experiment was abandoned at considerable cost.Brunel is to be remembered for his two great West Country tubular bridges, the Chepstow and the Tamar Bridge at Saltash, with the latter opened in May 1859, having two main spans of 465 ft (142 m) and a central pier extending 80 ft (24 m) below high water mark and allowing 100 ft (30 m) of headroom above the same. His timber viaducts throughout Devon and Cornwall became a feature of the landscape. The line was extended ultimately to Penzance.As early as 1835 Brunel had the idea of extending the line westwards across the Atlantic from Bristol to New York by means of a steamship. In 1836 building commenced and the hull left Bristol in July 1837 for fitting out at Wapping. On 31 March 1838 the ship left again for Bristol but the boiler lagging caught fire and Brunel was injured in the subsequent confusion. On 8 April the ship set sail for New York (under steam), its rival, the 703-ton Sirius, having left four days earlier. The 1,340-ton Great Western arrived only a few hours after the Sirius. The hull was of wood, and was copper-sheathed. In 1838 Brunel planned a larger ship, some 3,000 tons, the Great Britain, which was to have an iron hull.The Great Britain was screwdriven and was launched on 19 July 1843,289 ft (88 m) long by 51 ft (15.5 m) at its widest. The ship's first voyage, from Liverpool to New York, began on 26 August 1845. In 1846 it ran aground in Dundrum Bay, County Down, and was later sold for use on the Australian run, on which it sailed no fewer than thirty-two times in twenty-three years, also serving as a troop-ship in the Crimean War. During this war, Brunel designed a 1,000-bed hospital which was shipped out to Renkioi ready for assembly and complete with shower-baths and vapour-baths with printed instructions on how to use them, beds and bedding and water closets with a supply of toilet paper! Brunel's last, largest and most extravagantly conceived ship was the Great Leviathan, eventually named The Great Eastern, which had a double-skinned iron hull, together with both paddles and screw propeller. Brunel designed the ship to carry sufficient coal for the round trip to Australia without refuelling, thus saving the need for and the cost of bunkering, as there were then few bunkering ports throughout the world. The ship's construction was started by John Scott Russell in his yard at Millwall on the Thames, but the building was completed by Brunel due to Russell's bankruptcy in 1856. The hull of the huge vessel was laid down so as to be launched sideways into the river and then to be floated on the tide. Brunel's plan for hydraulic launching gear had been turned down by the directors on the grounds of cost, an economy that proved false in the event. The sideways launch with over 4,000 tons of hydraulic power together with steam winches and floating tugs on the river took over two months, from 3 November 1857 until 13 January 1858. The ship was 680 ft (207 m) long, 83 ft (25 m) beam and 58 ft (18 m) deep; the screw was 24 ft (7.3 m) in diameter and paddles 60 ft (18.3 m) in diameter. Its displacement was 32,000 tons (32,500 tonnes).The strain of overwork and the huge responsibilities that lay on Brunel began to tell. He was diagnosed as suffering from Bright's disease, or nephritis, and spent the winter travelling in the Mediterranean and Egypt, returning to England in May 1859. On 5 September he suffered a stroke which left him partially paralysed, and he died ten days later at his Duke Street home.[br]Further ReadingL.T.C.Rolt, 1957, Isambard Kingdom Brunel, London: Longmans Green. J.Dugan, 1953, The Great Iron Ship, Hamish Hamilton.IMcNBiographical history of technology > Brunel, Isambard Kingdom
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4 колея
* * *колея́ ж.1. ( ширина железнодорожного пути) gauge (line)2. ( расстояние между осями безрельсового транспортного средства) wheel track, wheelspan3. ( линия пути) track4. ( след от транспорта) runжелезнодоро́жная, норма́льная колея́ — standard railway gauge (line)железнодоро́жная, у́зкая колея́ — narrow gauge (line)железнодоро́жная, широ́кая колея́ — wide gauge (line) -
5 ширина колеи
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6 локомотив широкой колеи
ширина колеи; путевой шаблон — track gauge
Русско-английский военно-политический словарь > локомотив широкой колеи
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7 scartamento
"gauge, track;Spur;pagada"* * *scartamento s.m. (ferr.) gauge: scartamento normale, ridotto, variabile, standard, narrow, variable gauge: ferrovia a scartamento ridotto, narrow-gauge railway // in questa città i servizi pubblici funzionano a scartamento ridotto, (fig.) in this town the public services are rather hit and miss.* * *[skarta'mento]sostantivo maschile ferr. gaugescartamento normale, ridotto — standard, narrow gauge
* * *scartamento/skarta'mento/sostantivo m.ferr. gauge; scartamento normale, ridotto standard, narrow gauge. -
8 ширина железнодорожной колеи
ширина железнодорожной колеи
Широкая, узкая, стандартная колея
[Упрощение процедур торговли: англо-русский глоссарий терминов (пересмотренное второе издание) НЬЮ-ЙОРК, ЖЕНЕВА, МОСКВА 2011 год]EN
railway gauge
Broad, narrow, standard gauge
[Trade Facilitation Terms: An English - Russian Glossary (revised second edition) NEW YORK, GENEVA, MOSCOW 2698]Тематики
EN
Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > ширина железнодорожной колеи
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9 британский калибр для проволоки
Railway term: British standard wire gaugeУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > британский калибр для проволоки
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10 железнодорожный нормальный габарит
Railway term: standard clearance gaugeУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > железнодорожный нормальный габарит
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11 нормальный британский калибр для проволоки
Railway term: standard wire gaugeУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > нормальный британский калибр для проволоки
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12 колея
1. ж. gauge2. ж. wheel track, wheelspan3. ж. trackширина колеи; путевой шаблон — track gauge
4. ж. runСинонимический ряд:1. путь (сущ.) линию; путь2. мерзну (глаг.) деревенею; дубею; замерзаю; застываю; костенею; коченею; мерзну; стыну -
13 нестандартный
1) General subject: bastard, fourth rate, fourth-rate, irregular, king sized, king-sized, off standard, off-gauge, outsize, outsized, subsize (по размеру), unstandardized, king-size, substandard, unusual, creatively different, unorthodox2) Colloquial: off kilter3) Military: unconventional5) Agriculture: grade-out (напр. об овощной продукции)6) Construction: off-standard7) Mathematics: abnormal, atypical, non-traditional8) Railway term: non-typical9) Economy: nonstock10) Accounting: nonroutine, ungraded11) Linguistics: non-standard12) Automobile industry: non-type13) Forestry: undersized14) Metallurgy: off-gauge (о прокате)15) Telecommunications: nonconventional, off gauge16) Textile: sub-standard17) Jargon: off the wall18) Information technology: out-of-order, tailor-made19) Oil: NS (non-standard), bastard (о буровом инструменте местного изготовления), denormal, nonstandard, not standard, off-gage (о деталях), tailormade20) Coolers: off-grade21) Advertising: kingsize, daring (вызывающий)22) Polymers: off register25) Arms production: nontype26) Makarov: offgrade, substandard (напр. о качестве пищевого продукта), substandard (напр., о качестве пищевого продукта), unconditional, undergrade28) Tengiz: substandard (низкого качества) -
14 негабаритный груз
1) General subject: OOG (Out of Gauge( cargo too large to fit standard containers))2) Naval: outsize cargo3) Military: abnormal load, outsize load, outsized load4) Engineering: off-clearance load, out-of-gage load5) Railway term: out-of-gauge load6) Trade: out of profile7) Economy: off-gauge goods, oversized cargo, oversized goods8) Automobile industry: oversize cargo9) Astronautics: wide load10) Transport: awkward load, off-gauge load11) Business: out-of-gauge cargo, outsized cargo, overdimensioned cargo12) Logistics: cargo overlapping the railway gauge, load wider than prescribed limit13) Tengiz: super-large freight -
15 spoor
I 〈de〉1 [om een rijdier aan te drijven] spur♦voorbeelden:II 〈 het〉2 [geluidsspoor] track3 [blijk van vroegere aanwezigheid] trace4 [kleine hoeveelheid van een bestanddeel] trace6 [spoorrails] track7 [bedrijf van de spoorwegen] railway8 [trein] rail9 [spoorbreedte] gauge♦voorbeelden:op het goede spoor zijn • be on the right track/trailsporen uitwissen • cover up one's tracks〈 jacht〉 het spoor vinden • pick up the scent/traileen spoor volgen • follow a trailiemand op het spoor komen • track someone down, trace someoneiets op het spoor zijn • be on to somethingiemand op het spoor zijn • be on someone's trackdiepe/zware sporen achterlaten • leave deep marks/scars/woundsgeen spoor van … • no trace of …enkel/dubbel spoor • single/double track7 aan/bij het spoor zijn/werken • be with/work for the railways8 iets per spoor verzenden • send/ship something by rail/train9 smal/normaal/breed spoor • narrow/standard/broad gauge -
16 слияние железных дорог
Русско-английский большой базовый словарь > слияние железных дорог
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17 эксплуатация магистральной электрической железная дорога
Railway term: standard-gauge electric railway workingУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > эксплуатация магистральной электрической железная дорога
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18 нормальная ширина колеи
Railway term: standard gaugeУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > нормальная ширина колеи
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19 путь стандартной колеи
Railway term: standard-gauge trackУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > путь стандартной колеи
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20 дорога нормальной колеи
Русско-английский политехнический словарь > дорога нормальной колеи
См. также в других словарях:
Standard gauge — For Standard Gauge in toy trains, see Standard Gauge (Toy Trains). Track gauge by size … Wikipedia
Gauge conversion — Change of gauge redirects here. For other uses, see Change of gauge (disambiguation). Track gauge by size … Wikipedia
gauge — gaugeable, adj. gaugeably, adv. /gayj/, v., gauged, gauging, n. v.t. 1. to determine the exact dimensions, capacity, quantity, or force of; measure. 2. to appraise, estimate, or judge. 3. to make conformable to a standard. 4. to mark or measure… … Universalium
Railway stations in Cameroon — List of Railway stations in Cameroon includes: Maps * [http://www.un.org/Depts/Cartographic/map/profile/cameroon.pdf UNJLC Map] * [http://imagesignal.comsec.com.au/asxdata/20071129/pdf/00789550.pdf Map of Mbalam Kribi Railway] Towns served by… … Wikipedia
standard gauge — noun railroad track having the standard width of 56.5 inches • Hypernyms: ↑railroad track, ↑railroad, ↑railway, ↑gauge … Useful english dictionary
Gauge — Gauge, n. [Written also gage.] 1. A measure; a standard of measure; an instrument to determine dimensions, distance, or capacity; a standard. [1913 Webster] This plate must be a gauge to file your worm and groove to equal breadth by. Moxon. [1913 … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Gauge cock — Gauge Gauge, n. [Written also gage.] 1. A measure; a standard of measure; an instrument to determine dimensions, distance, or capacity; a standard. [1913 Webster] This plate must be a gauge to file your worm and groove to equal breadth by. Moxon … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Gauge concussion — Gauge Gauge, n. [Written also gage.] 1. A measure; a standard of measure; an instrument to determine dimensions, distance, or capacity; a standard. [1913 Webster] This plate must be a gauge to file your worm and groove to equal breadth by. Moxon … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Gauge glass — Gauge Gauge, n. [Written also gage.] 1. A measure; a standard of measure; an instrument to determine dimensions, distance, or capacity; a standard. [1913 Webster] This plate must be a gauge to file your worm and groove to equal breadth by. Moxon … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Gauge lathe — Gauge Gauge, n. [Written also gage.] 1. A measure; a standard of measure; an instrument to determine dimensions, distance, or capacity; a standard. [1913 Webster] This plate must be a gauge to file your worm and groove to equal breadth by. Moxon … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Gauge of a carriage — Gauge Gauge, n. [Written also gage.] 1. A measure; a standard of measure; an instrument to determine dimensions, distance, or capacity; a standard. [1913 Webster] This plate must be a gauge to file your worm and groove to equal breadth by. Moxon … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
